It is a return address, not a name
When your browser asks a server for a page, the request has to carry somewhere to send the reply. That somewhere is your IP address. It is written into every packet you send, which is why every site you visit receives it without having to ask, and why there is no setting that hides it from the site you are currently talking to.
This makes an IP address much more like the address on an envelope than like a name on a passport. It says where to deliver something. It does not say who lives there, and it changes when you move.
Who gives you one
Addresses are handed out in blocks. IANA allocates large ranges to the five regional internet registries — AFRINIC, APNIC, ARIN, LACNIC and RIPE NCC — and each registry allocates smaller blocks to the networks in its region: internet providers, hosting companies, universities, large enterprises. Your provider then assigns one address out of its block to your connection.
That chain is public, and it is what a lookup on this site reads. The registry record names the organisation holding the block. It does not name you, because you were never the party that registered anything.
What it is announced by
Holding an address block is not the same as carrying its traffic. For your address to be reachable, some network has to announce a route to it in BGP, the protocol the internet's networks use to tell each other what they can reach. The network doing that announcing is identified by an autonomous system number.
So a full picture of an address has two independent halves: the registry says who was allocated the block, and the routing table says who is carrying it today. They usually agree. When they do not, that difference is itself informative — and it is why this site reports both rather than blending them into one answer.
What it does not tell anyone
It does not identify a person. Linking an address to a subscriber requires the provider's own internal records, which are released to a lawful request and not to a website.
It does not reliably give a location either. There is no location field in an address; commercial databases estimate one from indirect signals, and those estimates are routinely wrong by a city or a country — especially on mobile networks and on connections behind carrier-grade NAT, where thousands of subscribers share one address.